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Saturday, March 26, 2016
This is what happened when the government let fans watch Nigeria v Egypt for free.
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Go ahead and do a double take
Go ahead and do a double take: @Surface Book & #SurfacePro4 are impressive inside and out. http://retail.ms/PFZ4HT
An Insight on Cancer - Solution
SOLUTION
Many
treatment options for cancer exist, with the primary ones including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy and palliative care. Which treatments are used depends on the
type, location, and grade of the cancer as well as the person's health and
wishes. The treatment intent may be curative or not curative.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer with one or more cytotoxic anti-neoplastic drugs (chemotherapeutic
agents)
as part of a standardized regimen. The term encompasses any
of a large variety of different anticancer drugs, which are divided into broad
categories such as alkylating
agents
and antimetabolites. Traditional chemotherapeutic agents act by
killing cells that divide rapidly, one of the main properties of most cancer
cells.
Radiation: Radiation therapy involves the use of ionizing radiation in an attempt to either
cure or improve the symptoms of cancer. It works by damaging the DNA of
cancerous tissue leading to cellular death. To spare normal tissues (such as
skin or organs, which radiation must pass through to treat the tumor), shaped
radiation beams are aimed from several angles of exposure to intersect at the
tumor, providing a much larger absorbed dose there than in the surrounding,
healthy tissue. As with chemotherapy, different cancers respond differently to
radiation therapy.
Surgery: Surgery is the primary method of treatment of
most isolated solid cancers and may play a role in palliation and prolongation
of survival. It is typically an important part of making the definitive
diagnosis and staging the tumor as biopsies are usually required. In localized
cancer surgery typically attempts to remove the entire mass along with, in
certain cases, the lymph nodes in the area. For some
types of cancer this is all that is needed to eliminate the cancer.
Palliative care: Palliative care refers to treatment that attempts to make
the person feel better and may or may not be combined with an attempt to treat
the cancer. Palliative care includes action to reduce the physical, emotional,
spiritual, and psycho-social distress experienced by people with cancer. Unlike
treatment that is aimed at directly killing cancer cells, the primary goal of
palliative care is to improve the person's quality of life.
Reference. An insight on Cancer (Causes and Prevention)
Causes- The
great majority of cancers, some 90–95% of cases, are due to environmental factors. The remaining 5–10% are
due to inherited genetics. Environmental, as used by cancer
researchers, means any cause that is not inherited genetically, such as lifestyle, economic and behavioral
factors, and not merely pollution. Common environmental factors that contribute
to cancer death include tobacco (25–30%), diet and obesity (30–35%), infections (15–20%), radiation (both ionizing and non-ionizing, up to 10%),
stress, lack of physical activity, and environmental
pollutants.
It
is nearly impossible to prove what caused a cancer in any individual, because
most cancers have multiple possible causes. For example, if a person who uses
tobacco heavily develops lung cancer, then it was probably caused by the
tobacco use, but since everyone has a small chance of developing lung cancer as
a result of air pollution or radiation, then there is a small chance that the
cancer developed because of air pollution or radiation. Excepting the rare
transmissions that occur with pregnancies and only a marginal few organ donors,
cancer is generally not a transmissible disease.
PREVENTION -Cancer prevention is defined as active
measures to decrease the risk of cancer. The vast majority of cancer cases are
due to environmental risk factors, and many, but not all, of these
environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices. Thus, cancer is
considered a largely preventable disease. Between 70% and 90% of common cancers
are due to environmental factors and therefore possibly preventable.
Greater
than 30% of cancer deaths could be prevented by avoiding risk factors
including: tobacco, overweight / obesity, an insufficient diet, physical inactivity, alcohol, sexually
transmitted infections, and air pollution. Not all environmental causes are
controllable, such as naturally occurring background radiation, and other cases of cancer
are caused through hereditary genetic disorders, and thus it is not possible to
prevent all cases of cancer.
Dietary:
While
many dietary recommendations have been proposed to reduce the risk of cancer,
the evidence to support them is not definitive. The primary dietary factors
that increase risk are obesity and alcohol consumption; with a diet low in fruits and
vegetables and high in red meat being implicated but not confirmed. A 2014
meta-analysis did not find a relationship between fruits and vegetables and
cancer. Consumption of coffee is associated with a
reduced risk of liver cancer. Studies have linked
excessive consumption of red or processed meat to an increased risk of breast
cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer, a phenomenon that could be due to the
presence of carcinogens in meats cooked at high temperatures. This was
confirmed in 2015 by the IARC of the World Health
Organization,
which determined that eating processed meat (e.g., bacon, ham, hot
dogs, sausages) and, to a lesser degree, red meat was linked to some cancers.
Medication:
The
concept that medications can be used to prevent cancer is attractive, and
evidence supports their use in a few defined circumstances. In the general
population, NSAIDs reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, however due to the cardiovascular and
gastrointestinal side effects they cause overall harm when used for prevention.
Aspirin has been found to reduce the risk of death
from cancer by about 7%. COX-2 inhibitor may decrease the rate of polyp formation in people with familial
adenomatous polyposis,
however it is associated with the same adverse effects as NSAIDs. Daily use of tamoxifen or raloxifene has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of
developing breast cancer in high-risk women. The
benefit versus harm for 5-alpha-reductase
inhibitor
such as finasteride is not clear.
Vitamins have not been found to be
effective at preventing cancer, although low blood levels of vitamin D are correlated with increased cancer risk. Whether
this relationship is causal and vitamin D supplementation is protective is not
determined. Beta-Carotene supplementation has been
found to increase lung cancer rates in those who are
high risk. Folic acid supplementation has not
been found effective in preventing colon cancer and may increase colon polyps.
It is unclear if selenium supplementation has an effect.
Vaccination: Vaccines have been developed that prevent infection
by some carcinogenic viruses. Human papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil and Cervarix) decreases the risk of developing cervical cancer. The hepatitis B vaccine prevents infection with
hepatitis B virus and thus decreases the risk of liver cancer. The
administration of human papillomavirus and hepatitis B vaccinations is
recommended when resources allow.
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